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The pathogenesis of the second major neurodegenerative disorder, Parkinson's disease (PD), is closely associated with the dysfunction of potassium (K) channels. Therefore, PD is also considered to be an ion channel disease or neuronal channelopathy. Mounting evidence has shown that K channels play crucial roles in the regulations of neurotransmitter release, neuronal excitability, and cell volume. Inhibition of K channels enhances the spontaneous firing frequency of nigral dopamine (DA) neurons, induces a transition from tonic firing to burst discharge, and promotes the release of DA in the striatum. Recently, three K channels have been identified to protect DA neurons and to improve the motor and non-motor symptoms in PD animal models: small conductance (SK) channels, A-type K channels, and K7/KCNQ channels. In this review, we summarize the physiological and pharmacological effects of the three K channels. We also describe in detail the laboratory investigations regarding K channels as a potential therapeutic target for PD.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Parkinson Disease , Metabolism , Potassium Channels , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective To observe the negative pressure ball aplication effect of thoracoscopic loectomy in patients.Methods 50 cases of patients with lung resection operation were divided into conventional group (water-sealed drainage bottle) and improved group (negative pressure ball) by random digital table method,and each group had 25 cases.The effect of nursing care and the satisfaction degree of patients were compared between the two groups.Results After different methods of nursing,the postoperative bed time in the improved group was (12.0±0.8) hours,hospitalization time was (8.0±1.5) days,which were significantly lower than (48.0±2.5) hours,(12.0±2.0) days in the conventional group.The difference was statistically significant (t=2.401,2.302,P＜ 0.05);The satisfaction of patients in the improvement group was 92.0％ (23/25) which was significantly higher than 72.0％ (18/25) of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (x2=4.920,P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Negative pressure ball in thoracoscopic lobectomy patients after application can significantly improve the effect of clinical nursing and patient satisfaction,worthy of promotion and application in clinical work.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for clinical rational use of antidiabetic essential medicines. METHODS:Retro-spective analysis was used to sort and analyze the consumption sum,DDDs and DDC of antidiabetic drugs in the outpatient of our hospital from May 1st,2012 to Apr. 30th,2014. RESULTS:The consumption sum and DDDs of insulin and oral antidiabetic drugs had upward trend. The top 3 consumption sum and DDDs of oral antidiabetic drugs were acarbose,metformin and glimepiri-de,and the highest DDDs of insulin was short-acting and premixed recombinant human insulin,all of them were in the National Essential Medicine List (2012 edition);DDDs of Glibenclamide tablets,Glipizide tablets and Chinese patent medicine were rela-tively small;DDC in long-acting insulin analogues was obviously higher than other kinds of insulin. The sales ratio of essential medicines was increased from 10.48% to 67.78% after National Essential Medicine List (2012 edition)carried out. CONCLU-SIONS:The use of antidiabetic drugs in the outpatient of our hospital is basically rational. Acarbose and metformin have the high-est DDDs,and DDDs of insulin analogues grow rapidly.
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Group-A rotaviruses are recognized as the most common cause of acute diarrhea. Phylogenetic analyses of the VP7 genes of rotaviruses circulating in Nanjing (China) could aid in the development of rotavirus vaccines. A total of 908 stool specimens were collected from patients suffering from acute diarrhea in Nanjing between October 2012 and December 2013, and were tested further for rotaviruses. Fifty rotavirus isolates selected randomly were typed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using serotype-specific primers for G genotyping. VP7 genes of 19 G9 strains were sequenced for further genetic characterization. Among the 908 stool specimens examined during the surveillance period, 103 (11.34%) were rotavirus-positive. G9 was the most predominant genotype (78.0%), followed by G2, G1 and G3. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the VP7 genes of serotype G9 rotaviruses revealed these strains to comprise two lineages (G9-VI, G9-III) and to be dominated by the G9-VI lineage (which belonged to a unique subcluster of Japanese and Chinese G9 strains). Amino-acid sequences of the four antigenic regions (A, B, C or F) were variant among a portion of strains, which may have contributed to the prevalence of G9 rotaviruses in this area.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Infant , Amino Acid Sequence , Antigens, Viral , Chemistry , Genetics , Capsid Proteins , Chemistry , Genetics , China , Evolution, Molecular , Molecular Sequence Data , Mutation , Phylogeny , Rotavirus , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Physiology , SerogroupABSTRACT
Objective:To determine the immunological effects of a new type adjuvant CTA 1-DD/IgG.Methods:Intranasal im-munization of BALB/c mice with OVA in combination with adjuvant CTA 1-DD or CTA1-DD/IgG.Blood samples were subjected to OVA-specific IgG Abs detection and IgG subclass profiles assessment using ELISA.Splenic plasma cells secreting anti-OVA Abs were detected by ELISPOT.Results:CTA1-DD/IgG showed stronger activity in inducing OVA-specific IgG Abs and splenic Abs-secreting cells compared with CTA1-DD.The enhancement of IgG1,IgG2a and IgG2b Abs were observed,and the ratio IgG2a/IgG1 were >1 in both groups.Conclusion: CTA1-DD/IgG can exert enhanced adjuvant effects compared with CTA 1-DD.Mixed IgG subclasses are induced,indicating a more balanced Th1/Th2 response.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the recent use of immunosuppressive agents for renal transplantation patients during our hospital.METHODS:Case history of124renal transplantation patients in our hospital in2004was reviewed ret-rospectively,and the categories and the associated costs of immunosuppressive agents were statistically analyzed,which were compared with that of2000.RESULTS:In2004,patients’mean hospitalization cost was74462.77yuan and mean immuno-suppressive agents cost was25809.93yuan,increased by75.12%and175.35%,respectively as compared to2000.Of the total drug costs,the immunosuppressive agents accounted for61.37%in2004and46.4%in2000.Dominated the first3places in the list of DDDs of immunosuppressive agents in2004were Methylprednisolone,ciclosporin A and dehydrocortisone,respec-tively.CONCLUSIONS:As compared with2000,the application categories and costs of neotype immunosuppressive agents for renal transplantation patients in our hospital increased in2004,thus to find a more effective immunosuppressive remedy that of less adverse drug reaction and lower cost is of great significance.
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Objective To explore the concentration of required residual available chlorine dioxide(ClO 2 )and optimun contact time for ClO 2 disinfection in order to ensure the microbiological indexes of waste water of hospital disinfected by ClO 2 qualified.Meth ods The waste water samples collected from hospital,to which were aritificially added with predetermined con-centrations of bacteria,were disinfected by various concentrations of ClO 2 (2?4?6?8?10?12mg /L)with various contact time (5?10?30?60?90min).After disinfection,the concentration of residual ClO 2 and the contents of microorganism in waste water samples were determined.Re sults After30-min disinfection by10.0mg /L ClO 2 ,the waste water sample originally containing1.52?10 2 /L E.coli showed a bactericidal rate of99.99%and a concentration of residual ClO 2 at2.5mg /L.After10-min disin-fection by10.0mg /L ClO 2 ,the waste water samples originally containing1.12?10 10 /L Salmonella showed a bactericidal rate of100%and a concentration of residual ClO 2 at2mg /L.After5-min disinfection by10.0mg /L ClO 2 ,the waste water samples o-riginally containing M.tu berculosis at concentration of++++showed a negative result and a concentration of residual ClO 2 at3.5mg/L.Conclusion After the primary treatment,ClO 2 disinfection with contact time of30minutes and a residual concentration of ClO 2 at2.5mg /L could ensure the germicidal effect for E.coli,Salmonella and M.tu berculosis in waste water of hospital qualified.